Business Consulting Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Consulting Paper - Essay Example The outer advisor advices various customers contrasted with an inner specialist who just exhorts his organization. This paper elucidates what is a business expert and their individual jobs and obligations. A business advisor is an individual who is a specialist in business fields and offers counsel and direction to firms generally at a charge. The business fields incorporate fund, the executives, bookkeeping, human asset and acquirement. For example, an account advisor informs a firm on the board issues with respect to funds and how to get the accounts. The individual exhorts them on the most proficient method to give stocks, rights issues, bonds and some other strategy of increasing capital from the investors. The person exhorts the customer on the most proficient method to join the stock trade markets to exchange stocks. This is done to improve the capital base of an association in this way encouraging its development. A case of a firm giving money related specialist administrations is Deloitte Consulting LLP (Malone, 2012). An administration specialist who is as yet a business advisor, exhorts firms on any administration issues. The person directs a firm when setting up its association structure, and furthermore when thinking of the jobs and obligations in each position. An administration expert likewise encourages any association to pick the best association culture that would improve the presentation of the representatives. A case of the board advisor firm is the McKinsey and Company. It has been offering these administrations since 1926. Human asset specialist offers direction to an association on the best way to deal with its human asset; a system on the best way to select, accept and partner with new representatives is set by the assistance of a human asset advisor. A model is Mercer LLC in the United States, which has numerous workplaces around the world (Malone, 2012). At long last, an acquisition advisor who is as yet a business specialist,

Foreign Language Free Essays

In this world, there are many kind of language exist. Some of them exist since the old history, for example, Mandarin and Arabic. In any case, a lot of them was shaped by the evolvement of other language. We will compose a custom exposition test on Unknown dialect or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now For instance, Korean and Japanese dialects exist from the evolvement of Mandarin Language. Other than that, Malay language exist from the evolvement of Arabic language and all them despite everything been utilized up to this point on. In addition, today life needs us to get familiar with the unknown dialect for the correspondence among our locale in every day life. Thus, we have to gain proficiency with the unknown dialect bit by bit until we become acclimated to it. The most essential things that a language will never exist without it is jargon. As a matter of first importance, we have to satisfy our cerebrum with a lot of vocabularies so as to speak with different races. The manners in which that we can do are by perusing the outsider language’s books. We can begin by perusing the least demanding and fun book, for example, funnies and afterward we attempt to get the vibe of the language. Accordingly, with the fundamental jargon, we can converse with them with no doubt.After that, we ought to up to the subsequent stage which is acing the language punctuation. As us all know, a language with no sentence structure is certifiably not a genuine language. The explanation is, the remarkable of a language is relies upon the sentence structure. So what might we do is, discover any coach class which can assist us with our language. In reality, we don’t need to take an extensive stretch to acing it. Only a couple of months expected to get familiar with the fundamental language structure. Be that as it may, as a precautionary measure, if you don't mind be readied ourselves with tolerance in light of the fact that numerous individuals can't stop while learning a grammar.However, when you had snatched the information about the syntax, it will never let you down on the grounds that you will have no more issue to utilize it. The last advance isn't so indispensable as the jargon and language structure, yet it is expected to manufacture our positive about ourselves. Since we become familiar with an unknown dialect, it is important for us to utilize it completely or it will be a waste. Along these lines, what we will do is rehearsing it. ‘’practice make perfect’’ in all things including the correspondence skills.There are numerous ways we can continue rehearsing it, for example, talk with our educator or companions or we can visiting with the language client in numerous informal community. For instance, facebook, twitter, yippee delivery person, friendster and so forth along these lines, there is no explanation behind us to feel disgrace to utilize the unknown dialect. As an end, the three stages ought to be taken with the goal for us to gain proficiency with the unknown dialect. What the significant things is be certain with ourselves and never feel embarrassed to utilize it. The second that you had felt sure with your sentence structure and jargon, you will begin to look all starry eyed at to the language profoundly in your heart. Instructions to refer to Foreign Language, Papers

10 Foreign Language Idioms Youll Love

10 Foreign Language Idioms You’ll Love (0) It’s exciting to learn a new language, especially the sayings that only native speakers know. In English, we have idioms like “bring home the bacon” and “let’s hit the road,” but do you know why being able to “cause a monkey to fall” or why “bones in the right order” are good things? Here are ten foreign language idioms you’ll love. Try sprinkling these into your next conversations and see what happens. The English language is full of idioms, but another fun aspect is its weird and sometimes wacky grammar rules! The EasyBib grammar guides feature definitions and proper usage of parts of speech, like plural nouns, subordinating conjunctions, and determiners. It’s a perfect place for new and veteran writers alike! “Makalaglag matsing.” â€" Tagalog Literal English translation: Can cause a monkey to fall. Meaning: This phrase is used to describe the feeling you get when you see an extremely attractive person. Presumably this person is so good looking that a monkey would get distracted and accidentally fall. Example: “Did you see that handsome guy? He’d cause a monkey to fall.” “?????? (Jiang hái shì lao de là).” â€" Chinese Literal English translation: Old ginger is spicier than new ginger. Meaning: Experience counts. Example: “Ted, let me show you how it’s done. Old ginger is spicier than new ginger.” “Você está enchendo meu saco.” â€" Portuguese Literal English translation: You are filling my bag. Meaning: You are getting on my nerves. Example: “John, if you don’t stop this annoying behavior now, you’re going to fill my bag.” “PijeÅ¡ mi krev.” â€" Czech Literal English translation: You’re drinking my blood. Meaning: This is another way to tell someone that he or she is getting on your nerves. May or may not be appropriate to use if face-to-face with a vampire. Example: “You’re drinking my blood, Callie. We need to meet this deadline.” “Hang aan n tak.” â€" Afrikaans Literal English translation: Hang onto a branch. Meaning: Hold on for a second. Example: “Wait, I’m almost done. Hang onto a branch.” “Ayos ang buto-buto.” â€" Tagalog Literal English translation: Bones in the right order. Meaning: Use this phrase when you want to communicate that everything is in order. Example: “Do we have everything? Are the bones in the right order?” “In bocca al lupo.” â€" Italian Literal English translation: In the mouth of the wolf. Meaning: This is a common way of wishing someone good luck. A typical response to this phrase is “crepi,” which means, “You die” (“you” refers to the wolf). Example: “It’s going to a wonderful performance, Beth. In the mouth of the wolf!” Bez práce nejsou koláce. â€" Czech Literal English translation: Without work, there aren’t pastries. Meaning: The best English equivalent to this phrase is, “No pain, no gain.” Example: “If you want to make more money, you have to put in the effort. WIthout work, there aren’t pastries.” “?????????????????? (Ashita no koto o iu to tenjo no nezumi ga warau).” â€" Japanese Literal English translation: If you speak of tomorrow, the rats in the ceiling will laugh. Meaning: The future is unpredictable. Example: “Don’t worry about making a five-year plan. If you speak of tomorrow, the rats in the ceiling will laugh.” “????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? (Kogda rak na gore svistnet).” â€" Russian Literal English translation: When a lobster whistles on the top of a mountain. Meaning: This phrase is similar to “When pigs fly.” If you want to communicate that something is never going to happen, this is the idiom for you. Example: “Oh please, when a lobster whistles on the top of a mountain.” Let help put the finishing touches on your next writing assignment. Run your paper through the grammar and plagiarism tool, and pick from thousands of citation styles, like MLA, APA, or Chicago Manual of Style, to cite your references automatically!

Trade Unions in Singapore - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2046 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/16 Category Politics Essay Type Narrative essay Tags: Government Essay Did you like this example? Trade union is a labor union of craftspeople or workers in related crafts, as distinguished from general workers or a union including all workers in an industry (Dictionary. com 2010). It is a de facto of the government, and they as often act as government representatives to workers’ trade union. It compromises those who are not part of the elite society. (Michael D. Barr, 2000, page 480). In this essay, I will first discuss the characteristics of trade union in Singapore which will include a brief history. I will also give my opinion of Michael D. Barr’s article if Singapore is a trade union. Secondly, I will continue my writing with the characteristic of trade union in China including a brief history, and my opinion of Taylor and Qi Li’s articles if china is a trade union. Lastly, I will conclude the essay by comparing and contrasting these two trade unions. Trade Union in Singapore In 1961, the non-communist party National Trades Union Congress (NTU C), being the sole union movement in Singapore, was formed. As NTUC and People’s Action Party (PAP) (government) shares common goals, it worked closely with the PAP, forming a system, the tripartite system which was well established. This is a system whereby PAP government, employers and employees work together for the benefit of all parties (Michael D. Barr, 2000, page 480). NTUC as the National Federation of trade unions made up of working people in the industrial, service and public sectors consisting of 60 affiliated unions and 6 taxi associations. Today, the NTUC has 540,000 members. 9 cooperatives and 6 related organizations that are founded to serve the needs of its members. After reading the article (Trade Unions in an Elitist Society: The Singapore Society), I agree with the journalist, Michael D. Barr’s opinion that Singapore is not a trade union. Firstly, in accordance to the definition stated, trade union comprise of those who are not in the elite gro up. However, some of the NTUC union leaders are members of the government. For instance, the current Secretary General of the NTUC is a also a PAP member of Parliament, a Minister without portfolio working in the Prime Minister office, and the chairman or deputy chairman of several government bodies (Singapore Government Directory, 2000)’. Secondly, Secretary General of NTUC’s senior official, Lim Chee Onn, proclaimed that both the PAP and NTUC â€Å"came from the same mother the struggles with the communist and the colonists† (The Sunday Times, 1982). Although he claimed that the NTUC and the government had common goals, the NTUC is just like a â€Å"vehicle of government policy†. Barr’s article also pointed out that in the 1960s the NTUC was formed ‘so that’ the government was able to fight against with the communist parties to maintain a democratic society (non- communist) in Singapore. Thirdly, Trade Union leaders are appoin ted by union members, but NTUC was being controlled by the government. In 1982, with 91 percent of union votes, Lim Chee Onn was re-elected as Secretary General. But after 11 month of re-election, Singapore Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew wrote a letter to him. This was an inform letter, that Lim would have to leave the NTUC and take charge of a Government Ministry and other member, Ong Teng Cheong, a member of parliament (MP) would take over his position as Secretary General (NTUC). This shows that the NTUC was being control by the government to appoint the members to be in its organizational structure. The government has an authority to reject or accept members to lead the Trade Union. In addition, at the time of appointment as Secretary General in NTUC, Ong Teng Cheong was already a chairman of the PAP, and a former minister of Ministry of labor in the government sector. Fourthly, many important decisions are being made by the government. One of the most significant events is t he industrial relations event in the 1970s. Lee Kuan Yew took up the decision to modernize the trade union movement to enable it to meet the demands of Singapore’s attempt to move out of low-cost, low skill labor market and into the medium cost medium skill market (Jonathan Rigg, 1988). The NTUC did not stand up to object or give ideas to the decision. According to Caraway, East Asias labor laws offer similar levels of protection for individual labor rights to the rest of the world when firing costs are taken into account, and low regional averages are primarily an effect of Singapores extremely weak individual labor rights’(Caraway, 2009). For example, recession hit Singapore in 1985, the union movement ‘agreed’ to have a pay cut of 15%. The government may be the one who suggested it, and employee had no right to disagree with the act. Lastly, trade unions are supposed to be able to insist on having strikes or to fight to achieve goals but it is unl ikely to happen in Singapore as the government has a law against that. However, to pre-empt labor disquiet and disinvestment, the governments offer credible apologies that include punishment and monitoring of government when economic performance is less than optimal in the country. When they fail to offer credible apologies, labor and producers respond with strikes and disinvestment. (O Fiona Yap, 2003). In addition, According to Law Society of Singapore official website, under Penal Code (Singapore, 2005) Chapter VIII: Offences against the public tranquility, rioting (S146 and S147) if you are part of an unlawful assembly and force or violence is used, every member is guilty of the offence of rioting even if the degree of participation of each of you is different. You can be jailed up to 5 years and can also be ordered to be caned. With all the evidence shown, I agree with Michael D. Barr that Singapore trade union is not a trade union. It does not fulfill many of the characteri stics of a trade union. In my opinion, the NTUC is more like a government sector that fulfill employee needs of learning and development so as to increase their employability. Trade Union in China Unlike NTUC, trade union in China the All China Federation of Trade Union (ACFTU) is a communist party. The ACFTU was established in 1925, being the only recognized union in People’s Republic of China (PRC). According to the ACFTU’s official website figures released at the end of September 2006, there are 31 provincial trade union federations, 10 national industrial unions and 1. 324 million grassroots trade union organizations (in 2. 53 million enterprises and institutions) associated with the ACFTU. While protecting the overall interests of the people, the ACFTU aim to stand up for workers, protect workers interests, fulfill their social functions of protection, construction, participation and education in an all-rounded manner, give prominence to the protective function of trade unions, and unite with and mobilize the masses of workers to strive for the realization of the countrys socialist modernization (All-China Federation of Trade Unions Official English website, 2007). Today, as China has increasingly economic power, ACFTU is working very hard to keep up with its trade unions power. After reading the article (Is the ACFTU a Union and Does It Matter? ), I agree with Taylor Li’s opinion that China is not officially a Trade Union. Firstly, I will start with the relationship between ACFTU and Chinese Communist Party (CCP). CCP is a party that has authority to control the government. ACFTU as a part of the government is also controlled by the party. Therefore, it means that ACFTU not only serves the government in government interest, but in its role in serving the interest of the CCP so as to aid in managing government matters (Taylor and Li, 2007, page 707). In other words, ACFTU is working closely together with government instead o f by itself. Secondly, Union leaders in ACFTU can be from the elite group of the society with many positions. For example at the Ninth Trade Congress, held in October 1978, a member of the CCP’s Politburo, Ni Zhi fu, became chairman of the ACFTU (Feng Cheng, 2009, page 668). The CCP and the government have the right to reject or accept a union leader. This shows that union leaders are being appointed instead of elected. Thirdly, as the ACFTU is the sole movement of trade union in China (with no other opposition party), employees are lacking the power to fight for their rights. As many finances in the union are sponsored by the government, if any party of the union were to go against the government, the CCP and the government have the right to remove its sponsorship from any department. For example, if any one of the union member is to go against the government decision, CCP or the government can remove their sponsorship. This will affect ACFTU directly, as they will not have enough money to pay its workers and to continue its operations. Therefore, the reason the workers do not turn to the union is not ideological distaste, but is simply because the unions are generally incompetent or incapable of acting on the workers’ behalf (Taylor and Li, 2007, pg 709). Lastly, being the one and only large organization, the ACFTU is characterized as a bureaucratic union, with highly focus group of authority, and incumbent problems of inflexibility, accountability and performance (Taylor and Li, 2007, page 703). Although China’s union has a vertical organizational structure paralleling that of the party and government, the ACFTU is far less able than the party and government to exercise authority over its grassroots organizational cells—in fact, they are subject to the complete control of management. The union, thus, has administrative power but no effective enforcement units. (Feng Cheng, 2009, Pg 664). For example, if there is any conf lict among the subordinate and the superior, union bureaucracies acted as a middle man between protesting partied. They will have to accept the ‘mediate’ of the union bureaucracy as it sort of a government ‘command’. With all the supporting evidences, I agree with the point that China is not really a trade union. Different from Singapore, China trade union work closely together to promote both workers and the government interest. Overview In comparison, both Singapore and China trade unions are ‘not really a trade union’ as the unions operates with the aid of the government. They have many factors in common. Firstly, the two unions are trying to promote employees interest in their countries and both are the only union in their countries respectively. Secondly, the union leaders of the 2 countries are mostly from the elite group. In addition, union leaders are being elected by the government instead of being appointed by the union members. However, there are differences between the 2 unions. First, Singapore’s trade union the NTUC is a non-communist party but in China, the ACFTU is a pro-communist party. The working structure of the 2 unions is different too. NTUC is a parallel organizational structure but the ACFTU works in a vertical organizational structure. In conclusion, although these 2 trade unions do not fulfill the requirement(s) of a trade union, it works to a common of giving the employees in all industry a helping hand. Today, both trade unions are improving themselves to maintain a peace working environment in their countries. (Word count 1989) References †¢ All China Federation of Trade Union official English webpage on https://english. acftu. org sighted on 15 October 2003 Hits: 2465 and on  20 September 2007 Hits: 4841 Barr, M 2000, ‘Trade unions in an elitist society: The Singapore story’, Australian Journal of Politics and History, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 480-96. †¢ Ca raway, Journal of East Asian Studies [1598-2408], Labor rights in East Asia: Progress or regress? , Vol: 9 Issue:2 pg: 153 -186, 2009 United States †¢ Feng Chen, ‘Union Power in China Source, Operation, and Constraints’, Modern China, 2009 pg 664 †¢ Dictionary. com Unabridged on https://dictionary. reference. com/browse/trade+union based on the Random House Dictionary,  © Random House, Inc. 2010. †¢ Jonathan Rigg, ‘Singapore and Recession in 1895’, Asian Survey, 28, 3, 1988, page 342 and 343 O Fiona Yap Non-electoral responsiveness mechanisms: Evidence from the Asian less democratic newly industrializing countries  (British Journal of Political Science; Jul 2003; 33, ABI/INFORM Global page 491) †¢ Singapore Government Directory interactive on https://ferari. nmi. net. sg/ sighted on 10 May 2000 †¢ The Singapore Law Society Directory interactive on https://www. lawsociety. org. sg/public/you_and_the_law/youthcrime/cp_public0. htm sighted on 2005 †¢ Taylor, B Qi Li, 2007, ‘Is the ACFTU a union and does it matter? ’, Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 701-15. †¢ The Sunday Times [Singapore], 2 May 1982 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Trade Unions in Singapore" essay for you Create order

Stem Cells And Regenerative Medicine Cord Blood Banking...

Name: Darshana Chaudhary Student Number: s5024975 Course: 7001HSV Applied Research Methods Tutor: Jennifer Boddy Due Date: 14th September 2015 Date Submitted: 14th September 2015 Word Count: 1671 words STEM CELLS AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE : CORD BLOOD BANKING AND ITS THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION Abstract : Stem cells can give rise to any tissue found in the body and thus provide nearly limitless potential for medical applications . Stem cells have the great potential to develop into many different cell types in the body during early life and growth. They serve as a repair system . Due to unlimited therapeutic applications of stem cells , they continue to be of great importance scientifically and†¦show more content†¦Human embryonic stem cells . Patient-specific therapy. METHOD : Articles for this review were selected from Pubmed Central and Medline databases and proquest databases. Introduction : Stem cells are able to generate mature terminally differentiated cells of atleast one lineage and possess the capacity of self-renewal .Stem cells can be categorized as totipotent, pluripotent or multipotent according to their developmental potential. (Takahashi and Yamanaka 2007). Stem Cell Classification Based on Differentiation Potential: Stem cells can be classified based on their ability to differentiate. They are classified into following five types : Totipotent Cells: Totipotent cells are found in early stage of development .The totipotent cells forms the embryo and the placenta and differentiate into both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues. Pluripotent Cells: Pluripotent cells differentiate into cells that arise from three germ layers called – ectoderm , endoderm and mesoderm , from which other tissues and organs develop. Oligopotent Cells: oligopotent are capable of self renewal and differente into many tissue types. Unipotent Cells: unipotent cells are capable of self renewal and differentiate into only one single type of cell. Multipotent Cells: They are found in most tissues and differentiate into cells from a single germ layer. (Kolios, 2012) Sources of Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine: There are a number of cardiovascular , neurological

Mavesa Free Essays

| Mavesa`s Nelly Brand  : Pricing to Gain Market Control | 19/03/2013 | Mavesa’s Nelly Brand: Pricing to Gain Market Control Problem statement The year is 1999 and Jose Luis Paez, the category manager for Marvesa mayonnaise is contemplating whether he should use a new pricing strategy that cuts the price of their product due to Venezuela’s current economic conditions and increasing competition in the segment. As this new strategy aims at gaining market share the possibility of negatively impacting profits in the foreseeable future is also an issue. Therefore, is this the best strategy Marvesa should use in order to alleviate the problem? SWOT MAVESA STRENGTHS| WEAKNESSES| Traded on the NYSE; * Extensive product portfolio; * Management talent; * Market share leader in most of its categories despite multinationals; * Strong recent growth; * Geographic expansion through exports, acquisitions or mergers; * Owns 60% of industrial segment (restaurants); * Good national distribution network; * Flexible and responsive to changing market conditions; * Lowest cost producer of the low cost segment;| * Contracting mayonnaise sales within Marvesa; * Nelly has minimal brand loyalty and brand image; * In category where low price is a primary criterion, Nelly`s price are not among the lowest; * Do not have the appropriate sales force; * High overhead costs;| OPPORTUNITIES| THREATS| Salad dressing segment growth; * Growth in the industrial segment; * Improve channels to increase shares in medium and small stores; * Flexi-pack; * Huge growth in the household segment;| * Changing competitive environment becoming more saturated, volatile economic environment; * Recession in Venezuela; * Kraft is launching mayonnaise; * Shift in lower priced brands due to economic downturn; * De-evaluation of the bolivar; * Competition: Albeca and Kraft; * Economy brands expected to represent 34% * Mature mayonnaise market; * Decline in the premium market;| Options: Option #1: Implement the aggressive new price strategy. We will write a custom essay sample on Mavesa or any similar topic only for you Order Now Focus on targeting the economy household segment. PROS| CONS| Nelly created this segment; * Nelly`s taste attributes; * Huge growth predicted to continue; * Nelly occupied approximately 48% of the market;| * Primary criterion is low price; * Only 15% of the market by volume; * Albeca; * Entry of Kraft; * Little brand loyalty in this segment;| Option #2: Implement the aggressive new price strategy. Focus on targeting industrial segment. PROS| CONS| * 23% of the market by volume; * One customer account signifies a lot of sales; * 16% growth in the last year; * Mavesa has 60% share of the market; * | * Competition based mainly on price; * Price wars between competitors; * Low profitability;| Option #3: Maintain current prices. Focus on targeting the premium household segment. PROS| CONS| 85% of the market by volume; * Decline in the volume over the past 2 years; * Quality is the key buying criterion; * Customers are loyal to the brand;| * Recession in Venezuela; * Nelly`s cost-cutting innovations make it less relevant for this segment; * Kraft mayonnaise is perceived as the one with the highest quality;| Decision Matrix: | Profitability| Growth Potential| Brand image| Sales Efforts| | Option 1| 4| 4| 2| 2| 3. 0| Option 2| 2| 4| 3| 3| 3. 0| Option 3| 2| 1| 4| 3| 2. 5| Recommendation: Nelly should implement its new aggressive pricing strategy. As the decision matrix shows it, they should leverage the reduction in cost production to increase their market shares both in the economy household segment and in the industrial segment. Low-costs Nelly is the lowest cost producer in the low-cost segment which leaves some margin for cost reduction. The main threat about it is the overhead costs that Nelly has to pay for sales force and management regarding the company`s size in comparison to its competitors. It is assumed that cost-cutting innovations such as the flexi-pack and the reduction of oil in the production of mayonnaise will compensate for those costs. It also has to be precarious and not set is price to low or too high. Protection of the shares in the Premium market Nelly should make clear differentiation between the salad dressing targeting economy segment and mayonnaise targeting the premium segment. The company wants to implement cost-cutting innovations to gain more share in the economy segment, but it do not want to lose its shares in the premium market. By offering two products, one marketed as mayonnaise for the premium market and one marketed as salad dressing for the economy market, Nelly could increase its shares while gaining more shares. Distribution Channels and Sales Force Investment will have to be made in order to either hire more trained sales force to get access to more medium to small-sized stores or increase wholesalers and distributors additional margin on volume discounts. By increasing wholesalers and distributors` margins on volume discounts, it could become and incentive to push sales. Nevertheless, since the difference in the level of distribution between stores attended indirectly and directly by Nelly`s sales force is important, hiring new sales force would be the most recommend strategy. Industrial Even if this segment has low profitability because of the price wars, Nelly could take advantage of the cost-cutting innovations made in production and packaging. In this segment, one customer account represents huge sales. Mavesa already has 60% of the market shares while its major competitor owns 30% of the shares. With its new low cost, it could at least gain the remaining 10% of the shares that is split among small regional competitors who would probably not be able to follow the price reduction. How to cite Mavesa, Essay examples Mavesa Free Essays | Mavesa`s Nelly Brand  : Pricing to Gain Market Control | 19/03/2013 | Mavesa’s Nelly Brand: Pricing to Gain Market Control Problem statement The year is 1999 and Jose Luis Paez, the category manager for Marvesa mayonnaise is contemplating whether he should use a new pricing strategy that cuts the price of their product due to Venezuela’s current economic conditions and increasing competition in the segment. As this new strategy aims at gaining market share the possibility of negatively impacting profits in the foreseeable future is also an issue. Therefore, is this the best strategy Marvesa should use in order to alleviate the problem? SWOT MAVESA STRENGTHS| WEAKNESSES| Traded on the NYSE; * Extensive product portfolio; * Management talent; * Market share leader in most of its categories despite multinationals; * Strong recent growth; * Geographic expansion through exports, acquisitions or mergers; * Owns 60% of industrial segment (restaurants); * Good national distribution network; * Flexible and responsive to changing market conditions; * Lowest cost producer of the low cost segment;| * Contracting mayonnaise sales within Marvesa; * Nelly has minimal brand loyalty and brand image; * In category where low price is a primary criterion, Nelly`s price are not among the lowest; * Do not have the appropriate sales force; * High overhead costs;| OPPORTUNITIES| THREATS| Salad dressing segment growth; * Growth in the industrial segment; * Improve channels to increase shares in medium and small stores; * Flexi-pack; * Huge growth in the household segment;| * Changing competitive environment becoming more saturated, volatile economic environment; * Recession in Venezuela; * Kraft is launching mayonnaise; * Shift in lower priced brands due to economic downturn; * De-evaluation of the bolivar; * Competition: Albeca and Kraft; * Economy brands expected to represent 34% * Mature mayonnaise market; * Decline in the premium market;| Options: Option #1: Implement the aggressive new price strategy. We will write a custom essay sample on Mavesa or any similar topic only for you Order Now Focus on targeting the economy household segment. PROS| CONS| Nelly created this segment; * Nelly`s taste attributes; * Huge growth predicted to continue; * Nelly occupied approximately 48% of the market;| * Primary criterion is low price; * Only 15% of the market by volume; * Albeca; * Entry of Kraft; * Little brand loyalty in this segment;| Option #2: Implement the aggressive new price strategy. Focus on targeting industrial segment. PROS| CONS| * 23% of the market by volume; * One customer account signifies a lot of sales; * 16% growth in the last year; * Mavesa has 60% share of the market; * | * Competition based mainly on price; * Price wars between competitors; * Low profitability;| Option #3: Maintain current prices. Focus on targeting the premium household segment. PROS| CONS| 85% of the market by volume; * Decline in the volume over the past 2 years; * Quality is the key buying criterion; * Customers are loyal to the brand;| * Recession in Venezuela; * Nelly`s cost-cutting innovations make it less relevant for this segment; * Kraft mayonnaise is perceived as the one with the highest quality;| Decision Matrix: | Profitability| Growth Potential| Brand image| Sales Efforts| | Option 1| 4| 4| 2| 2| 3. 0| Option 2| 2| 4| 3| 3| 3. 0| Option 3| 2| 1| 4| 3| 2. 5| Recommendation: Nelly should implement its new aggressive pricing strategy. As the decision matrix shows it, they should leverage the reduction in cost production to increase their market shares both in the economy household segment and in the industrial segment. Low-costs Nelly is the lowest cost producer in the low-cost segment which leaves some margin for cost reduction. The main threat about it is the overhead costs that Nelly has to pay for sales force and management regarding the company`s size in comparison to its competitors. It is assumed that cost-cutting innovations such as the flexi-pack and the reduction of oil in the production of mayonnaise will compensate for those costs. It also has to be precarious and not set is price to low or too high. Protection of the shares in the Premium market Nelly should make clear differentiation between the salad dressing targeting economy segment and mayonnaise targeting the premium segment. The company wants to implement cost-cutting innovations to gain more share in the economy segment, but it do not want to lose its shares in the premium market. By offering two products, one marketed as mayonnaise for the premium market and one marketed as salad dressing for the economy market, Nelly could increase its shares while gaining more shares. Distribution Channels and Sales Force Investment will have to be made in order to either hire more trained sales force to get access to more medium to small-sized stores or increase wholesalers and distributors additional margin on volume discounts. By increasing wholesalers and distributors` margins on volume discounts, it could become and incentive to push sales. Nevertheless, since the difference in the level of distribution between stores attended indirectly and directly by Nelly`s sales force is important, hiring new sales force would be the most recommend strategy. Industrial Even if this segment has low profitability because of the price wars, Nelly could take advantage of the cost-cutting innovations made in production and packaging. In this segment, one customer account represents huge sales. Mavesa already has 60% of the market shares while its major competitor owns 30% of the shares. With its new low cost, it could at least gain the remaining 10% of the shares that is split among small regional competitors who would probably not be able to follow the price reduction. How to cite Mavesa, Papers

Syllabus Spring free essay sample

Hours of operation will be announced in class and posted on the course BlackBoard Learn page. Lecture Grading in this class has been weighted to reflect my perceptions of the most important outcomes for you in this course. Although you are expected to read the text, the total course grade is heavily based on activities. You are encouraged to interact with others as you figure out the most appropriate responses, but the work that is submitted must be your own. Materials on the hour examinations will be based on class lectures, class discussions, and class assignments.For my lectures will use traditional lecture presentations and written notes using Powering projected on a screen, slides, and computer simulations. My notes will be posted on the course Blackboard Learn page before or shortly after lecture. The details of a forecast exercise will be covered in class, but some general comments may help reassure you that this is something that each of you can do. We will write a custom essay sample on Syllabus Spring or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You will be able to start with predicting only a few parameters. We will begin this part on Wednesday 14 January 2015. You may try your hand at forecasting current weather using the regular forecast exercise from day 1 if you wish.Because we will only count your 25 best forecasts, there is no penalty for trying. The undergraduate assistant will often give you their best judgment concerning many of the answers so if you listen during class, you should do very well. You will get 3 points for a correct answer, One point for trying, and no points if you dont participate. There will be 100+ forecast opportunities relating to current weather, one for each day of the semester. Encourage you to submit as many forecasts as possible. 2 Interactive learning tools that are unique to this course and that involve computer-based simulation activities integrate the lectures.These involve responding to questions within Blackboard Learn (outside of class). In edition, in-class quizzes and exercises integrate the simulations. Some of these exercises will be based on the computer-based simulations and some will use the Weather Cycles. This means you must come to class. The simulations will involve activities such as making clouds, measuring temperature from a balloon, and forecasting daily weather. There will be four one-hour examinations given, but only your best three will be counted. On the other hand, there will be no make-up exams.All assignments are managed and graded by Blackboard Learn. Specific assignments will be announced in class and on Blackboards Calendar. Because this part of the course will contribute to 55% of your course grade, it is essential that you allocate time to regularly use a computer to complete these assignments. Several days are always allocated for doing assignments; however, because technology is undependable, you are strongly encouraged to begin your assignments at the earliest opportunity. Late assignments are locked out by Blackboard. It is the responsibility of the student to meet assignment deadlines. There are no make-ups. Am really interested in your feedback and I encourage you in letting me know how I can improve the class. Ill try to accommodate your wishes as much as possible. In order for us to be able to interact with more than 200 students and to provide timely and accurate feedback, communicate with you using several different electronic means. The syllabus, schedule of classes and assignments, and the lecture notes will be available through the course Blackboard Learn page.Many of the course materials are only available from the Internet. To facilitate the management of web-based course material, we will use Blackboard Learn. Therefore, you must use Blackboard Learn for this class. We will have a help room (3008 Agronomy) staffed by students from approximately 9 AM to 5 PM Monday through Friday to provide assistance on any computer issue related to this course. This room also has several computers that you are welcome to use during any of the open hours.There are also many public computer facilities at SIS_J. These may be located using http://www. It. Satiates. Deed/labs/ Requirements In order to pass the course you must: C] Complete at least 25 forecasts of current weather; CLC Complete the interactive simulation exercises on Blackboard Learn; D Actively participate in class discussions and Attend the lectures. Unless stated otherwise, all homework must be submitted electronically. Also please note that homework assignments are always due by 12:pm noon. Syllabus spring free essay sample I promise you an excellent adventure. It has often been said that living things, including humans, cannot be well- understood without looking at the evolutionary forces that have shaped them. Biological science and medicine are becoming increasingly more evolutionary as our exponentially-growing knowledge base at all levels from DNA to the process of biological inheritance; from the biology and genetics of populations and species to the evolutionary processes that shape them; from cells to multicultural beings, and from individuals to the planetary biosphere reveals more and more clearly how living systems work.Using lecture presentations, laboratory exercises, field experiences, and on- line interactive assignments, BIO 1 1 30 will acquaint you with the evolutionary processes that result(De) in Earths enormous diversity of living organisms, and the complex behavioral and ecological interactions that occur within and among species. Our mission is not merely to build an information base that will serve you well in higher-level biology classes; we intend to cultivate an evolutionary way of thinking about and understanding living things. We will write a custom essay sample on Syllabus spring or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page About your instructor: teach full-time at Prince Georges Community College, and have had long art-time faculty affiliations with the Catholic University of America (1988-2000) and the University of Maryland (1 990, 1995, and 2001 -present), teaching this and other courses. My main teaching focus is ecology and animal behavior, not only in classroom settings but also in field-oriented travel-study courses in such locations as Florida, the Rocky Mountains and Africa. Will work as hard for you, and will work you as hard, as at the universities that have relied on me to train their students.Contact information: My office: Chesapeake Hall, room 210-B My email: [emailprotected] Due MY office phone / vocalism: 301. 341. 3022 Biology Department office phone: 301. 322. 0420 Office hours for Spring 2013: Mondays Wednesdays: 12:30- 1 130 Tuesdays Thursdays: 11:30- 1:00 No appointments are necessary during the above times. Other meeting times may be available with an advance appointment. About the coo rise: BIO 1 130 is a 4-credit class consisting Of three hours Of lecture per week and three hours of laboratory per week.This course is equivalent to BASIC 106 at the University of Maryland College Park, and is accepted by the University in transfer with a grade of C or better. Lecture is on Mondays and Wednesdays from 11:00 to 12:1 5 in Chesapeake Hall, room 101. The lab for section LIDO meets on Mondays from 8:00 to 10:50 in Chesapeake Hall, room 207; the lab for section LADY meet on Mondays from 8:00 to 1 0:50 in Chesapeake Hall, room 207. Attendance will be taken in lecture. Being present and on time constitutes one measure of your academic seriousness, and can impact your final grade. See page 6 of this syllabus (How possibly to gain or lose points).Laboratory attendance is mandatory. If you miss a lab for a legitimate reason (such as illness, religious observance, family emergency, etc. ) you must obtain the instructors permission in advance so you can get specific instructions grading when and how to make up the missed activity, if it is possible to do so at all. Failure to notify the lab instructor in advance may deny you the opportunity to make up the lab activity. This will likely impair your ability to prepare for the following weeks lab quiz. Missing three or more labs will result in an automatic F for the course.Lectures and labs always contain material for which you are responsible. At the end of the semester, you will be given one overall grade based on your performance in both. Specific details regarding how your grade is calculated are given on pages 3-6 of this syllabus. A note inspired by the U. S. Department of De auction: For Federal purposes (including general standardization and the ever- important issue of qualifying for federal funding) a college credit hour is defined as a situation where one hour of credit instruction requires the average student to do two hours of work outside of class.

How to Be Successful in College

How to Be Successful in College Nearly every college student detests cram sessions. Intense, high-stress study sessions can have detrimental effects on both your GPA and your health. And while theres no guaranteed roadmap to success in college, changing your study habits and adjusting your approach to your classes can make a big difference. The following tips are a great place to start. Use Two Notebooks Bring one notebook with you to class, and use it to scratch and scribble down everything you can. It doesn’t need to look neat- it doesn’t even need to be legible. After class (within an hour or so), transfer your notes to your second notebook. Take your time with these notes: highlight key points, mark subject areas your professor emphasized, look up definitions, and record questions for the next lecture. The two-notebook method will help you retain information you might otherwise forget within days. Reviewing all the new material immediately after the lecture will keep it fresh in your mind. Plus, writing things down instead of typing them leads to better retention, according to the Scientific American. Find a Study Buddy   Make friends with someone in your class during the first week of the semester and schedule a regular study session. During your study sessions, review complicated chunks of information and explain them to each other. Think of the process like storytelling- turn your homework into stories, and tell those stories to each other. In addition to making a new friend, you and your study buddy will keep each other accountable all semester long.   Get Enough Sleep The importance of hydration, nutrition, and especially sleep cannot be overstated. Your ability to remember can drop by as much as 40 percent if you haven’t had adequate sleep. Aim to get adequate sleep as many nights as possible, and try to keep the same sleep schedule every night, even on weekends. Know When You Work Best Speaking of a sleep schedule, it’s important to note that there is no one-size-fits-all study schedule. There is plenty of research indicating benefits for both nighttime studying and early morning studying, so you shouldnt feel pressured to maintain an uncomfortable schedule. As long as you are getting enough sleep and keeping up with your commitments, your schedule is up to you. If you work late at night, make sure to give yourself space and time to sleep in every morning (dont sign up for 8 AM classes if you can help it). Not everyone is a morning person, and that is perfectly okay. Try The Pomodoro Method   The Pomodoro Technique is a focusing method that relies on short bursts of intense work and plenty of breaks. To try the technique, set a timer for 25 minutes and work on a single task. When the timer rings, take a five-minute break, then set another 25 minute timer and get back to work. After four 25-minute intervals, take a longer break. You may find that the Pomodoro Method helps you get more done in a shorter period of time without feeling burnt out. Plus, short study breaks are known to improve concentration. Optimize Your Learning Style Figure out your learning style, then adapt your study techniques to suit that style. Remember to experiment with a few strategies to find what works best for you. If none of the three primary learning styles feel like a great fit, you might benefit from a study strategy that combines two different styles. Go to Office Hours And not just when you’re struggling. Open lines of communication with your professors early in the semester so that, when questions arise, your professor will know you have a vested interest in the class and the material. Developing strong relationships with faculty will also help you if you are considering applying for scholarships or you need letters of recommendation for graduate school. Bring Back Mario Kart Or, more specifically, integrate the music into your study sessions. Music enhances brain activity, and the video game music is specifically design to stimulate brain activity and keep you focused. The wordless, upbeat songs will keep you motivated without distracting you. Space Out Your Studying Spacing out your studying is beneficial for long term retention of the material. If you review your notes each day for 15 minutes, youll be able to retain what you learn in your classes for the long term. Try not to skip review days, or you risk losing what you have retained (especially if it’s new material). Sweat and Study There is a massive body of research that links exercise with good grades and improved learning and cognitive skills- especially if you exercise first and study second. If you are stuck in a study rut and your don’t have time to hit the gym, go for a quick walk. Fresh air and a change in environment will help you create connections and solve problems. Change Locations If youre struggling to focus in your study space, try studying in different locations. For some learners, a change in location builds stronger connections to the material that aren’t dependent on the location where they were originally learned; as a result, the information is more easily recalled later. Consider a Part-Time Job If you’re having trouble managing your study time, you might think getting a job will only compound the problem. However, research suggests that students who work part-time jobs while in school tend to get better grades because the experience improves time management skills.

Ways to Say Thank You in Spanish

Ways to Say Thank You in Spanish Chances are that one of the first words you learned in Spanish is gracias, the most common way to say thanks or thank you. Gracias is, of course, a useful word and should top any list of words Spanish students should learn. How To Use Gracias, a  Word for Thanks If you wish to indicate what youre giving thanks for, use the preposition por to mean for: Gracias por el regalo, which means thank you for the gift. If you want to say thank you very much, you can use muchas gracias or even muchà ­simas gracias. Also common is mil gracias, literally a thousand thanks. As you might guess, gracias is closely connected with- technically, its a cognate- the English word grace. The connection can be seen most easily if you remember that giving a prayer of thanks before a meal is sometimes known as saying grace. Gracia, the singular form of gracias, also has some of the other meanings of grace. Some examples of how gracias can be used: Gracias por ser quien eres. (Thank you for being who you are.)Gracias por tu comprensià ³n. (Thanks for your understanding.)Gracias a las lluvias de este aà ±o hemos podido disfrutar de estas cascadas. (Thanks to this years rains we have been able to enjoy these waterfalls.)Gracias, mi amigo, por todo lo que me das. (Thank you, my friend, for everything you give me.)Sobre todo, te doy las gracias por hacerme muy feliz. (Above all, I give you thanks for making me very happy.)Estas gracias son tambià ©n para todos vosotros. (These thanks are also for all of you.) ¡Un millà ³n de gracias a nuestros patrocinadores! (A million thanks to our sponsors!)Muchas gracias por su solicitud. (Thank you very much for your application.)Te ofrezco mis gracias sinceras. (I offer you my sincere thanks.) Agradecer and Related Words If youve gone beyond learning the basics of Spanish, you also can use the verb agradecer, which is used to express gratitude, appreciation or thanks. Two related words are also in common use: agradecido (grateful, appreciative or thankful) and agradecimiento (appreciation or gratitude). Note that agradecer is irregularly conjugated if youre speaking about yourself in the present tense. So agradezco is the form to use to say something such as I am grateful or I appreciate. Following the conjugation pattern of conocer, it is also irregular in some other forms youre less likely to use. Te agradezco el regalo. (I appreciate the gift.)Me siento agradecido (agradecida if youre female) por el regalo. (I feel grateful for the gift.)Estoy agradecido (agradecida if youre female) por el regalo. (I am grateful for the gift.)Quizs no estaban agradecidos por el favor que hice por ellos. (Perhaps they never appreciated the favor that you did for them.)Les agradecemos por su donacià ³n para los nià ±os. (We appreciate your donation for the children.)Me dijo que me agradecà ­a mucho por el fin de semana. (She told me that she was grateful to me for the weekend.)Los propietarios merecen muchos agradecimientos por su generosidad. (The owners deserve much appreciation for their generosity.)Es importante que cada familia cree una cultura de agradecimiento. (Is it important that each family create a culture of gratitude.)

Respons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Respons - Essay Example The nationalization of the Egyptian cinema industry also played a role in destroying creativity, amongst producers. This in turn, led to the decline of the Egyptian Cinema (Hammond, 122). In Lebanon, its 15 year civil war played a role in the decline of the cinema industry, while the war between Iraq and Iran in the 1980s, hampered the growth of cinema in these two countries. Viola Shafik argues that the traditional Islamic principles of representation are rarely applied or used in the Arab Cinema (54). Examples of these representations include non-spatial paintings of structures, ornamental rhythms of arabesque, etc. Shafik (62) further argues that almost all film makers, in the Arab world are using classic rules of Western art, to make their films. Shafik further denotes that the 20th century saw an increase in the use of a three-dimensional realistic art, and the use of new ideas that govern film production. This was able to promote artists as geniuses, undermining the traditional crafts and arts that were influenced by Islam. Shafik also denotes that Arab cinema has given women an important role in the film industry, and this is in line with the principles of Islam, which identify women as important pillars of the society (Shafik, 78). Hammond on the other hand argues that Islam has had a major contribution on film industry in the Arab world. This is because movies are censured, and any film that depicts Prophet Mohammed in a bad away is censured. Furthermore, all films produced in the Arab world, have to conform to the principles of Islam. This is one area where Viola Shafik and Andrew Hammond agreed upon. Any film that criticizes the personality of Prophet Mohammed is censored. Viola Shafik asserts that the use of symbolism in Arab art is not common. However, in the cinema, Symbolism has greatly been used, for purposes of identifying a hidden meaning, or representing an idea or a group of

Online TEFL Courses vs Onsite TEFL Courses Research Paper

Online TEFL Courses vs Onsite TEFL Courses - Research Paper Example This leads to the question of which instruction is more efficient. Online and onsite TEFL courses, although they have different means, have one goal and that is to promote English proficiency. There are benefits and disadvantages for each mode of TEFL instruction and may have a fair share of successful learning among its students. Onsite TEFL course The curriculum taught for students in both online and onsite TEFL class may be the same; but what lacks online TEFL session is human interaction. Surely, there is already an online camera where the other person can see whom he is talking to. However, genuine relationship may not occur. According to Hill (2008), teachers in onsite classes can easily detect students who are poorly motivated and can easily address this problem, whereas online teaching could not provide this type of approach and may lose his student’s attention before he would know it. The depth of learning may vary, although it is more likely to experience both theore tical and practical use of the language, since it can easily give the students hands-on practice (Donahue, 2006). On the other side is the financial cost. Practically, online TEFL is cheaper and schedule-flexible. Onsite courses would require time and more resources for instruction.

Hiring employees

Hiring employees factors when deciding the most effective way to assess the suitability of job applicant for vacancy. traditional unstructured interview most common but least effective, why still relied on by managers during selection process, and how to make selection process more effective? Explain best approach to making sound selection decisions and justify Hiring employees effectively is vital to the survival of any organisation. The hiring process consists of soliciting potential candidates during recruitment and then determining the best candidates to be employees during the selection process. The selection process, in particular, enables organisations to build and maintain a productive and motivated workforce that will be the key to their success. The objective of the selection process is to enable valid predictions of performance and effective employee decisions in potential employees. Mistakes in selection could have terrible consequences on the organisation. For example, if a company hires someone who does not have people skills and place him in customer services, it could result in loss of future sales. Therefore, it is in an organisations interest to make sound selection decisions and make the selection process as objective and scientific as possible. Any recruitment and selection process usually begins with the applicant indicating their formal interest in the vacancy. After that, there are several selection systems employed by organisations. Methods include interviews, psychological tests and performance tests. These are designed to assess the candidates knowledge, skills, personality and attitudes. Each of these methods has their strengths and weaknesses, and when evaluating each method, one should consider its practicality, sensitivity, legality, reliability and validity. Interviews are the most widely used method in the selection process, but also one of the least effective. According to the a CIPD survey from 2009, competency-based interviews is the most used method (69%), while interviews following a biographical CV and structured interviews ranked second and third respectively. Anderson (1992) summarised that interviews remain popular because of their social functions of selling, persuading and negotiating, their acceptability to interviewers and candidates, and also due to time and cost constraints. Unstructured interviews have many weaknesses and limitations, including stereotyping, the similar-to-me effect, the personal liking effect, the primary effect, and the contrast effect. Structured interviews in the form of situational interviews and behavioural interviews have proved to be more effective than unstructured ones. Behavioural interviews asking candidates how have performed in the past give good indications of how they will perform in the future. Situational interviews can find out more specifically how candidates would respond to a particular situation relevant to the job. These two types of interviews also obtain more consistent information for comparison as the same questions are asked of all candidates. Consequently, the structured approach has been criticised by Anderson (1992) as being inflexible and reduce the role of the interviewer to a mere administrator of questions, leading to potential resentment. Another selection method is psychological testing. These include cognitive tests of ability, numeracy and literacy, and personality measures. They are professionally developed and therefore checked for validity and reliability. This method is also scientific and objective, and increases the validity of selection decisions. Factors which cannot be measured through interview can also be tested in this way. This method is mostly used by larger organisations. However, racial and ethnic bias is a concern for this type of tests. Personality tests that use frameworks such as Big Five can capture up to 75% of a candidates personality. Emotional stability is an especially important trait to be tested. Performance tests require candidates to perform the job in a short period of time. These are done either by work samples or assessment centres. Work samples can give good indication with high validity of how well the candidate can perform at the job if they are designed well. However these are costly to design and must be specific to each job, having to be modified as the job changes. Assessment centres are also expensive. They assess a number of candidates together using multiple methods. New advances in technology are rapidly changing the selection process. The weighted application blank (WAB) captures data using a standardised application form and assigns weighted values to each question depending on the employee characteristic to be measured. The resulting score will then be used in making the selection decision. A study by Kaak et al. (1998) reported that the WAB is an effective selection tool that can distinguish good performers and can reduce turnover rate in the hospitality industry. It is an objective and scientific tool, and proves to be cost and time efficient once the scoring system has been established. In addition, many researchers have concluded that biodata is one of the best selection devices for predicting employee performance and turnover (Harold et al., 2006; Ployhart et al., 2006). Biodata is the life historical events that may contribute to shaping of the candidates preferences, attitudes and personality traits. Work sample and ability tests have the highest validities of over 0.4 while biodata, assessment centres and structured interviews follow closely behind. Other methods such as unstructured interviews and personality tests have lower levels of validity. Therefore, to make sound selection decisions, an organisation should use methods of high validity, taking into considering how cost efficient it is with the number of candidate expected.

Matters of Life and Death Essay

This case surrounds the controversy brought about by the Arizona state legislature defunding life-saving organ transplant operations. In 1987, the Arizona state legislature voted to eliminate funding for most organ transplants for the indigent through the Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System (AHCCCS). At the same time of this decision, the legislature voted to extend health coverage to pregnant women and children in a â€Å"notch group.† The public controversy began when Dianna Brown died after being denied coverage for a liver transplant that would have saved her life. After her death, there was wide spread coverage of the issue that brought the defunding of certain organ transplants into the national spotlight. The decision to move funds for the poor to mothers and children rather than to life-saving transplant services put the legislature under scrutiny. This case presents that scrutiny and the legislature’s reasoning behind their decision. III. Required Methods In order to complete this analysis, I will have to deal with issues dealing with cost/benefit thinking in a context of fairness dealing with medical procedures. I will need to look at whether or not moving funding from transplants to mothers and children did something financially astute for the state of Arizona or if this is a case of mismanagement by the government. I will also have to deal with the issues of limited public resources, growing costs of medical technology, and diminished control of medical services. IV. Analysis Question 1: Was the Arizona legislature right in deciding not to fund certain kinds of organ transplants for indigents under the state’s indigent health care program? I believe that the Arizona legislature was not right in their decision to not fund certain kinds of organ transplants. In this case, there are several issues that arise including the concepts of distributive justice, cost-benefit analyses, and the role of government in society. The fact that the legislature looked at the increased number of organ transplants and the growing costs associated with them and compared them to another development in the state’s health care system does not seem fair. By defunding the organ transplantation services, they took away the right to choose from individuals in life threatening situations. With costs being a driving factor behind this decision, it was questioned whether the state should be spending so much on high risk, high cost procedures. In the case, there was an excerpt that explained the money-making aspect of the health care system. â€Å"If it was a pure concern about the medical needs out there, we’d have far more burn units than we have transplant units. The reality is they make money on those units.† I do not believe this is how the health care system sh ould be run. Whether it is political or judicial pressure, there is too much political influence in the health industry. There is the argument of transplantation services being more readily available to those with money and political connections, but I feel that policy should be able to set specific guidelines by which all of this can be overridden. I understand the fact that if you are to make exceptions in certain cases you are starting down a slippery slope and that initially, the decision to either have transplant services or to do away with them completely was somewhat justified. Further, the decision to fund only the most cost-effective services was also justified. Everyone had a fair shot at services if they needed them. When services began being compared to each other is where I have a problem. There is no way to justify comparing deliveries to transplants. In one analysis, Shaller compared the costs on society from a bad child to a transplant. In the end he came up with the fact that the cost of 8 heart transplants would cover 700 deliveries. He said â€Å"in public program, that has the widest range of responsibilities, and limited resources to handle those responsibilities, I think it’s unacceptable to use those limited resources in a way that really doesn’t further the public good.† I can agree with this statement but still do not feel that the personal health choices that can save an individual’s life should be left in the hand of a capitalistic government. In rebuttal to the governmental policies and financial analysis, Dr. Copeland argued that even if the AHCCCS were to deny funding to transplants, the health care system would still end up incurring costs associated with hospital costs till death as well as social security benefits to the families of patients who die without receiving a transplant. Also, he mentioned that Medicare would soon approve his transplant center as one of the 10 in the country to be covered. This came under much scrutiny and in the end a compromise was reached to look at each by a case-to-case basis. After the drama surrounding Diana Brown’s death, it was the opinion of the Arizona legislature that it would make the decision that would most benefit the residents of Arizona. In the end, â€Å"the public generally is not willing to, say, double the taxes in this state to insurance that everyone got the maximum possible health care.† While the decision may have had justifications by the state legislature, completely defunding organ transplantation services takes away the rights of patients and makes it so that health care is a privilege. I do not believe this is how health care should be. With so many changes being discussed simultaneously, this issue seems to have slipped through the cracks and caused unnecessary deaths to patients who had their right to life-prolonging health coverage denied in order to fund a â€Å"notch group† that had household incomes higher than the AHCCCS maximum but were below the official federal poverty line. This does not seem ‘fair’. In the end this case asks many ethical questions dealing with fairness and equality as well as whether access to health care is a right or a privilege. Question 2: On what principles do you position in the answer to question 1? (As an example, do you consider health care a right, and if so, why?) I believe that health care is indeed a right. Especially in a country like the United States where health providers and insurance companies are big business and make huge profits each year while millions may suffer from their lack of coverage or inability to pay. In the US, healthcare providers charge premiums on insurance. Whether or not they chose to cover a condition is largely up to them and in the past few years, insurance companies have tripled their profits. â€Å"According to the World Health Organization and the Physicians for a National Health Program, the United States spends twice as much per capita on healthcare compared to other countries such as Canada, Britain & Germany, who have universal healthcare.† According to statistics, in other countries with universal healthcare, there is less bankruptcy and better economies. I believe that there is too much political and outside influence in health care and that the industry is more of a money machine than anything. With the economy in a slump and an exceedingly large population not being able to afford health insurance, I believe that those individuals have a constitutional right to receive care that will prolong life. Laws regulating health care serve to benefit the population, not punish it. With so many gaps in the system nowadays, the ACA being upheld shows that the government believes that everyone should have equal access to healthcare. Providing health care to all benefits society by providing those with an opportunity to normally operate in society and benefit society through work, social, or economic aspects. Question 3: What roles do economic and financial analyses play in your position on the state’s responsibilities? While the state has a job to provide care to its citizens, it is also obligated to maintain financial stability within the state and contribute to its infrastructure. A cost-benefit analyses of moving funding from organ transplantation services to the â€Å"notch group† of pregnant women and children shows that while looking at services offered, the state will be able to control their overall costs. In situations like this where the healthcare system is often viewed as a money machine, it is almost impossible to overlook the exceedingly high costs of transplants. In one analysis, Shaller compared the costs on society from a bad child to a transplant. In the end he came up with the fact that the cost of 8 heart transplants would cover 700 deliveries. He said â€Å"in public program, that has the widest range of responsibilities, and limited resources to handle those responsibilities, I think it’s unacceptable to use those limited resources in a way that really doesnâ₠¬â„¢t further the public good.† While this analysis has many problems with it, the financial and economic implications are exactly what a business would want. By cutting, the high-risk, high-cost procedures, the state would be able to begin making money from the health care system. While I can understand the business aspect of health care and understand that economic and financial analyses play a large role in allocating resources and money towards services, I still feel strongly that healthcare is a right, not a privilege. The state has a responsibility to maintain financial stability. In this case, stability was enhanced by cutting services to transplants and focusing on individuals that would be able to give back to society over a longer period of time. Question 4: How does the analysis of this case inform your position in the current debate about health care reform? This case has made me think of the question can medical services ever be rationed fairly. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) which was recently passes should accomplish a lot of good for the greater portion of the population. It will not only reduce the number of uninsured but also protect those at risk of losing coverage. Additionally, the ACA aims to reduce health care spending and reduce costs for patients. This plan will not only extend coverage to those that may not be able to afford coverage, but will also aim to try and cut costs for the health care industry. This is a fusion of two of the debated points in this case. In the case, we looked at cutting funding from one service in order to provide services for another set of the population. The ACA aims to try and provide services and coverage for all. Overall, there are many questions that this c ase made me think of regarding the Affordable Care Act. I was not fully aware of the health industry being a big money business and how much of a part politics played in it. Additionally, the case opened my eyes to the fact that no matter what is done, not everyone is going to be satisfied or comply with the new policies. There are always specific cases that will cause questions to be asked, but if exceptions are made, then there will have to be exceptions in every similar case. The current debate about health reform addressed these questions and now that the ACA will remain in effect, it is still to be seen the impact that this makes on not only the economy, but also how it affects the rights of Americans to utilize healthcare. V. Recommendations After reading through this case and thinking about the financial issues presented in the case, I understand the financial and economic issues that have to be addressed while also considering providing the best care for the greatest number of people. In order to decide cutting services, this case addressed governmental policy that may cause unfavorable health decisions to pass in order to remain financially stable. In the end, I believe that health care is a right, not a privilege and the decision to life or death should never be put in the hands of a third party or up to money. The right to decisions about life and death should not come down to how much money you have, but should be a human right that is extended to those in need. VI. References HHS Gov. â€Å"Through the Affordable Care Act, Americans with Medicare will save $5,000 through 2022.† United States Department of Health and Human Services. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. â€Å"The Health Care Law & You | HealthCare.gov.† Home | HealthCare.gov. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. < http://www.healthcare.gov/law/index.html> Houseman, Michael . â€Å"The Health Care Law & You | HealthCare.gov.† Home | HealthCare.gov. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. VII. Lessons Learned I enjoyed doing this case report as it dealt with many issues outside of finance as well as important financial issues. In order to complete this analysis, I had to deal with issues dealing with cost/benefit thinking in a context of fairness dealing with medical procedures. I looked at whether or not moving funding from transplants to mothers and children did something financially astute for the state of Arizona or if this is a case of mismanagement by the government. I also dealt with the issues of limited public resources, growing costs of medical technology, and diminished control of medical services. In the end it was a decision that would have to either be based on financial considerations, ethical considerations, or a mix of both. A lot of the issues in this case have also been discussed in my public health ethics class this semester, so this case allowed me to utilize knowledge from other classes along with new financial concepts in order to do my analysis. Whether it is fairness or equality or even cost-effectiveness, there are problems that arise with each approach when used alone. From a financial standpoint, using cost effectiveness analysis is very important in determining social policy matters even with its downfall that it cannot suggest how priorities are set. I would have liked to deal with some numbers associated with cost-benefit analysis just to see how they were done but I was able to understand the basic principles behind the theory through my analysis on this case.

A History of College Admission Essay Writing Service Refuted

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The Destruction Of Nutrition And Its Effects On The...

The Destruction of Nutrition In the last two decades genetically modified organisms (GMO) have radically transformed the food and farming industry. With the use of constant animal testing and lab conducted research, scientists have yet to breach the exact effects of what gene manipulations actually are especially in a long term sense. With GMO manufacturing companies, such as Monsanto, marketing the use of GMO to be a groundbreaking, healthy and practical food developing source, eyes have been turned away from many of the negative components. Further research by third part companies has shown that there is evidence to believe disastrous effects are occurring concerning GMO and their adverse effects on both the environment and human health. The Non-GMO Project, defines a GMO as a â€Å"living organisms whose genetic material has been artificially manipulated in a laboratory through genetic engineering, or â€Å"GE† (NON-GMO Project).† This fairly recent scientific tec hnique of crop cultivation generates unstable blends of plant, viral, animal, and bacterial genes that don’t and couldn’t ever naturally occur on their own or through basic, traditional crossbreeding methods. Uses for gene splicing most commonly occurs in the production of plants who are able to retain a higher pesticide resistance and to develop crops that will yield a larger end crop count (NON-GMO Project). By combining selected traits from unrelated, diverse species, scientists have been able to manufactureShow MoreRelatedThe Vegetarian Diet is Healthy and Saves the Planet Essay1441 Words   |  6 PagesHuman life and health is based on nutrition, physical activity and the existence of our planet. 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