Essay about Women In The Civil War - 1836 Words

When you hear women in the civil war, what do you think? Some people think can that really be, women are not meant for war, all they are needed for is cooking and cleaning and taking care of their children. Well everyone who stereotypes women of that is wrong, because just like men women did have some part of the civil war. Although they may have not fought in the war, they did help with the recovery of the injured men so that they can go back and fight in the war. Being a union nurse is not the only way they were apart of the war, some women did things that went down in history. Just like Harriet Tubman, who made history because she was the creator of the Underground Railroad. She was not the only women who was part of the army and made a†¦show more content†¦She later got caught and was later put into prison in 1864 by confederate troops and taken into prison. Along with Mary Edward walker, Clara Barton, was an Army nurse. Clara was to serve help in curing injured men. She had a bad experience when she went to go cure a man, a bullet that killed the man she was helping was peireced threw her sleeve. She had been assisting him and tried to save him, but it was too late and he had died. Also these women made a legacy in life, Underground Railroad, being the first US army women surgeon, and the foundation of the American Red Cross. Mary Todd Lincoln, who was married to Abraham Lincoln. Although she was a lot different then the other important women in the civil war, she was just as important. She was the wife of the president during the war. Although she did not exactly fight or become a nurse of the war, she still had to take care of her family and all of Abraham’s stressful days. She had to mend to her children’s needs while Abraham was out making sure the troops in the war were in the right standings. When 1865 came around it was a terrible year for her, her family and her heart were crushed. Her loved one was assassinated, and her fami ly and herself had no idea how to handle it. Being that she was the presidents wife, she was still important to make a legacy. Showed that women are strong enough to handle stress, children, and deaths in their family to be strong forShow MoreRelatedWomen In The Civil War1674 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Women Who Fought In the Civil War Submitted By: Tierahnee Balfour History 2010 Enhanced Mrs. Teresa Prober 19 October 2012 It is an accepted convention that the Civil War was a man’s fight, but to the women in that time period, it was not. Many women sacrificed their lives to fight for their family and for their country. The Civil War is symbolic in American history because it shaped society, as we know it today, â€Å"Free of slavery†. During the Civil War, women were mostlyRead MoreWomen Of The Civil War885 Words   |  4 Pages For women in the 1860s it was predictable wisdom that a â€Å"woman’s place is in the home,† but the Civil War challenged this view (Civil War Academy, 2015). There were many women who played an important role in the Civil War. It is normal to think the Civil War was a man’s fight. However during the war, many women challenged the role of the women and took on different roles. While the men marched off to war, the women had to work hard and try to provide for their families. Women became doctors, spiesRead MoreWomen Of The Civil War1553 Words   |  7 PagesWomen of the Civil War The Civil War is a very important part of American history – simply put, it determined what kind of nation the United States would be. The Civil War resolved whether the United States is what determined the survival of the Union or whether the Confederacy would gain independence. It is the battle that determined whether the largest slaveholding country in the world would continue to exist as such since it thrived on the fundamental idea that â€Å"all men are created with an equalRead MoreWomen in Civil War1004 Words   |  5 PagesWomen, Slaves, and Free Blacks in the Civil War What roles did the Northern women play in the war effort on the Union side during the Civil War? What roles did the Southern women play in the war effort on the Confederate side during the Civil War? How did the war affect each group? â€Å"There were just shy of 400 documented cases of women who served as soldiers during the Civil War, according to the records of the Sanitary Commission.† (Brown, 2012) Women during the 19th century, according toRead MoreWomen Of The Civil War1720 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Civil War, it was erected to make sure the men would not have died in vain, and after reading it I could not help but to ask myself, â€Å"Are we to let the women?† Kids will learn of the Civil War starting in elementary school, and will continue to do so as far as their education leads them. They will learn of the brave men who fought for their beliefs and rights, brother who fought against brother, and the men who led these soldiers into battle. There is, however, one side of the Civil War whichRead MoreWomen Of The Civil War1329 Words   |  6 PagesWhen we think of the Civil War, many think of the sacrifices and influences of the men during this time. Women of the Civil War however, were also active participants of making history. Their lives before the war were that of being proper. Their focus was working to maintain and support their families. The Civil War stol e away the life as women knew it and placed them into a whole different role- one that was much more difficult both physically and emotionally. Women of both the North and theRead MoreWomen Of The Civil War1739 Words   |  7 PagesWomen without a doubt have dealt with a large portion of the inequality that rules this nation. But the military has always been accepting of others. This is a way for women to make great livable wages and maintain a steady occupation. Women being in the military dates all the way back to the civil war. During the times of the civil war many women pretended to be men so they could join and fight for a variety of different reasons. Some went to war to be with their loved ones, they had this thrillRead MoreWomen During The Civil War1049 Words   |  5 PagesFor Civil War women in the 1860s it was predictable wisdom that a â€Å"woman’s place is in the home,† but the Civil War challenged this view. There were many women who played an importa nt role in the Civil War. It is normal to think the Civil War was a man’s fight. However during the war, many women challenged the role of the women and took on different roles. While the men marched off to war, the women had to work hard and try to provide for their families. Women became doctors, spies, nurses, couriersRead MoreWomen During The Civil War1523 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Civil War, some of the more notable names were: Ulysses S. Grant, Thomas â€Å"Stonewall† Jackson, and George Custer. These names are synonymous with great generals who fought great battles during the war, but what about Sarah Emma Edmonds, Clara Burton, Dorthea Dix, Rose O’Neal Greenhow, and Loreta Janeta Velazquez? These names are not as known as their male counterparts, but these ladies of the Civil War Era did their part to aide their respective sides in the war. What these and other women didRead MoreWomen During The Civil War1388 Words   |  6 PagesThe Civil War altered t he lives of women, in both the North and South, just as it altered the nation as a whole. Although it is irrefutable that both the North and the South felt the wrath of the war, the South encountered a unique set of troubles that caused the weight of the war to fall predominantly on Southern women. Attempting to understand the experiences of all Southern women during the Civil War does not come without its challenges. It is impossible to connect the stories and experiences

The Depth In Agnes Martin Free Essays

Simple, subdued, serene – will be the adventurous description of the various insights on the totality of what Agnes Martin shared with the world of art.   Simple, subdued, serene – will also be the summarized description of what Agnes Martin’s many critics say of her work.   And, simple, subdued, serene – will be the captive element of what the reviews said of the Agnes Martin documentary â€Å"With My Back to the World†. We will write a custom essay sample on The Depth In Agnes Martin or any similar topic only for you Order Now Treading from abstract expressionism to minimalism, all of Agnes Martin’s life, works and story – as captured in â€Å"With My Back to the World; and, as per the perspective of its director, Mary Lance; and, as per all the insights, critiques, reviews and commentaries – are but a symphony of illustrations and expressions as to how the delightful artist treated, educated and revealed to the world the mystique of life. Unanimously acknowledging the preferred solitude and reclusion of the great artist, they recognized Agnes Martin to have nevertheless proven the presence of soulfulness and intensity in her chosen art form, despite of living in silence. The interesting fact though is that in the profundity of her silence vis-à  -vis the silence of her profundity, Agnes Martin allowed Mary Lance to interview her and shoot the documentary film while Agnes Martin is working and right there in her New Mexico studio. Together with the documentary â€Å"With My Back to the World†; together with all her works; together with the designation of ARTnews Magazine in 2002 as one of the world’s top ten livings artists – the lines and hues of Agnes Martin therefore became the canopy from where we view the spirit of Taosim that inspired her as she reveal her creativity and philosophy. AGNES MARTIN – HER LIFE TO THE BEHOLDER: Born on March 22, 1912 in Makin, Saskatchewan, Canada – Agnes Martin nevertheless grew up in Vancouver, British Columbia.   They were four siblings in the family, but her father died when she was only 2 years old.   From thenon, Agnes’ mother steadfastly stood by her resolve to raise her brood by her self.   Such aura of strength and independence etched in the mind of the growing Agnes. In 1931 she moved to the United States and attended The Western Washington College of Education in Bellingham; the Teachers College of the Columbia University in New York and the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque.   She has earned her Bachelors degree in 1942 and her Masters Degree in 1952.   She acquired her American citizenship in 1950. She was an art teacher in University of New Mexico and other public schools in Washington and Delaware from 1947 to 1948 and in Eastern Oregon College in 1952 to 1953.   With the paintings Agnes Martin accumulated, Betty Parsons Gallery offered to handle her work if she moves to New York City. It was in 1958 that Agnes Martin was given her first solo exhibition in the said gallery.   It was a period when abstract expressionism is at its height as an art form and likewise the seeming dawn of minimalism is soon going to be witnessed. In the Coenties Slip in Lower Manhattan where she lived, Agnes Martin huddled with artists like Ellsworth Kelly, Robert Indiana, Jasper Johns, Robert Rauschenberg, Jack Youngerman. Agnes Martin, took a break from painting from 1967 to 1974 as she ventured into filmmaking.   It was in 1976 that she produced the film â€Å"Gabriel†.  Ã‚   The subject of the film is a boy who incessantly went to explore the world in his own quiet ways. Thereafter she resumed her painting wherein her exhibitions were held various museums in the succeeding years, like – in the Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Pace Gallery, New York; Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam; Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; the Harwood Museum of Art at the University of New Mexico.   There are also other international art galleries that have invited and showcased the works of Agnes Martin. Agnes Martin was inducted in 1989 as a member of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters in New York.   She received the Gold Lion Award at the Venice Biennale in 1997 for her lifetime achievement and contribution in contemporary art.   The National Endowment for Arts granted in 1998 to Agnes Martin the National Medal of Arts. In 1997, the highlight of her achievement was the establishment of the Agnes Martin Gallery in New Mexico, where her work is showcased.   Otherwise, Sotheby and other auction houses do trade in great value the works of this great, enigmatic artist. AGNES MARTIN – HER WORKS TO THE CONNOISSEUR: Among buyers, users, collectors, critiques – all connoisseurs discern and judge in a balanced mix of subjectivity, relativity, objectivity and economics.   Value for value there is thin line in visual arts that does not only rest on what is seen – there must be something â€Å"beyond†. The utter simplicity and directness of the creation of Agnes Martin, within the perfection of horizontal and vertical lines in her grids and as per the hues she applied with her own brand of discernment, have all been acknowledged as very expressive and moving. â€Å"The Taos artist’s grids, some of them traced in lines of graphite, so faint they seem to be emerging from or disappearing into a mist†¦..Martin’s†¦.[is] an art of invisibility.   It’s tempting to ready a ‘beyond’ into them†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Lee, 1998) You therefore view the work with great challenge and enthusiasm.   You have to really get close to the painting.   You dissect every pattern and color.   You try to find the hints and clues.   You feel mystified.   You search for the meaning. It is because Agnes Martin invites a â€Å"relationship† with the viewer of her art.   She wants a direct and distinctive communication between her art and her viewer.   Then, you will see the beauty, the finesse, the simplicity of just the perfect, varied lines.   â€Å"†¦.what they give back in their simplicity and richness, is indescribably moving.†Ã‚   (Lee, 1998) Agnes Martin’s painting convinces that there is a palpable person and a palpable thought that is put into the work.   Subtly, there are little and misty wobbles and breaks in the hues and lines – they tease and try to see if you are paying attention to details. The purpose of imperfection is to achieve perfection.   It challenges perception of what is between and/or the difference between real and ideal. Indeed her works produced in a span of 60 odd years is visionary and timeless.   Despite the temperament of her artistic times that traversed between minimalism to abstract expressionism, Agnes Martin humbly demurs from being classified as a spearhead, neither the bridge between the two art forms. The transition in the art form of Agnes Martin is akin to her transition in learning and knowing and realizing everything about her and her surroundings and the society she lived with. Even in the eventual solitude she chose, Agnes Martin is still conscious of what being in a community of man is all about.   Her earlier ventures were in still life and portrait painting.   Therefore, she went along the tide of the prevailing abstract expressionism in the 1940’s to the early 1950’s. How to cite The Depth In Agnes Martin, Papers

Introduction of Service Marketing - Free Sample Solution

Question: Describe about the Service Marketing? Answer: Purpose of the project: The project aims to establish the importance of service marketing in Emirates Airlines. It highlights the three basic areas of Emirates; the service process, the service people and resource capacity utilization or resource allocation. It also explains the limitations of airline industry in case of service. Emirates airline is an auxiliary of the Emirates group which is solely owned by the Dubai Government (Bazoobandi, 2013). It is considered as the largest airline in the whole of middle-east with 3500 flight being operated per week. Among the top ten airlines Emirates has its name. Emirates airline were envisioned in 1985 as the Gulf air backed out from its services in Dubai. At that time Pakistan International Airlines leased two of its airplanes to Emirates. With the start up capital as US$10, today Emirates, today emirates flies in more than 140 destinations. Introduction to service marketing. There has been a sea change in Global economy and one of the most dominating parts of this change is customer satisfaction. There should be efficient servicing for attracting, retaining and servicing the customers (Chitty, D'Alessandro and Hughes, 2012). Today the survival of a company not only depends on its product but also depends to the services provided along with it. During 1970s service marketing evolved as an academic field, then the concept was well defined through active participation of various business practitioners, researchers and institutions. About service industry The service industry evolved from the classification of three sectors in which one of them was Tertiary Sector. Service industry belonged to tertiary sector. At the beginning according to economists view countries of low productivity in respect to secondary and primary sectors, tertiary sectors provides productivity above the average which concludes to mass moving to tertiary employment (Joshi, 2008). Mission and Vision of Emirates Airlines Emirates Airline has the vision to be the worlds most esteemed air services provider and solving the capacity issues without upsetting the customers comfort (The Emirates Group, 2013). The Emirates gives the credit to their belief in business ethics that has leaded them to a successful development. They pays a great deal of care to their stakeholders, environment, communities and last but not the least, their employees. They consider that these are the prime factors that helped in their past and will continue to help in future. Service process The service process helps to design the process of services from the scratch to the next level of performance. The process involves reengineering the existing processes so that the performance of the company improves. The companies constantly leverage their expertise and also the experiences so that they are able to align the new processes of the company with the standards of the industry (Baron, 2010). The operating procedures and the processes are examined. It is done to identify the opportunities for further improvements which will enable the organization to provide an efficient service and quality to the customers (Servicestrategies.com). The reengineering of service processes includes: Renewing the processes of the business to suit the business. To analyze and identify the failure of the current processes To create new processes and descriptions for the business. To align a new process to meet the industry standards. To find out any further requirements of the system which could be fulfilled To analyze the requirements of the business so as to execute other processes. To change the management role and to train the employees To create measures and standards for performance improvements. To evaluate the performance by monitoring them. The input transformational model The service process is involved with delivering the best of services of the company to the customers. The input transformation model is based on the three components: the inputs, the process transformation and the outputs. The model involves the systematic control and direction of processes which transforms the inputs or the resources into finished goods or outputs for the clients or the customers (Understanding Operations Management). In the airline industry, considering the example of the Emirates Airways, the inputs are considered is the employee productivity, better technology in the aircrafts, and better services. The transformation can be customer satisfaction, the above inputs transform into the satisfaction of the people when they are on air. The final outcome or the output is the increased profitability of the business. Emirates tries to constantly develop their technology like recently they have introduced the Wi-Fi technology in the seats of the aeroplanes, so that the passengers can stay in touch even 40000 feet above the ground with their close ones (Understanding Operations Management). They even have luxurious cabins and lounges, where the passengers can rest. The chauffer drive is another specialty that they provide to the first class and the economic class for to and fro journey. The ultimate result is that the customers are satisfied and they are driven to this airline for the superior services th ey offer. This results in increased revenue for the company. As more and more people avail their services the more revenues they generate (Emiratesgroupcareers.com). The emirates group constantly looks for people who are globalistic and who want to discover new places, ideas and culture. The airline company also provides training programme which is unparallel in the industry. The company even looks for employees who have an exceptional skill for customer services, cross cultural influence and having good attention skills. The company tries to attract the customers by improving their processes, performances and reducing the cost. The company has established itself as one of the industry leaders in the year 2012. The 4 Vs: velocity, volume, variety, value Velocity: it is the speed with which the input is converted into the output after being transformed while processing the inputs (Slack, Chambers and Johnston). Volume: it is the high volume that is processed. It allows systematising the activities that are needed to be performed. Variety: it is the variety of products the company offers. With more varieties, it provides it helps to better serve the people. Value: it is the value the company provides. It can be cultural, social and religious. Moreover the values are also in terms of the services being provided, innovation and trust (Understanding Operations Management). The back office and the front office jobs The back office jobs include running the company in terms of manufacturing and developing services and products. It can also include the administrative jobs that the company does. The back office jobs are mainly away from the public view but are major contributors. They handle their jobs efficiently helping the company to prosper, whereas, the front office jobs include the sales and marketing jobs. These jobs require the employees to face the customers on a regular basis. The engineers of the company, ground staff, are some of the back office jobs that the airline provides. These jobs are very important as they are always busy to make the airlines better and ensure that they have a safe journey. The cabin crew is the front office job that the company offers. The cabin crews are as important as they are in constant contact with the customers; they cater to the needs of the passengers help them in crisis and most importantly to see that the passengers have a safe and pleasurable journey. Customer involvement Customer involvement means that how the customers involve with a product. If they like a product they identify with it and use it regularly and if they could not identify with the product, the demand of the products decreases. The revenue of the company depends on the customers feedback of the product and their usage. It can be seen that the company has from the year 2008-09 has increased its revenue constantly (IT TAKES A WORLD THE EMIRATES GROUP ANNUAL REPORT 2012-13). It indicates that the customer base of the company is increasing and people are using their airline services. Their revenue was 43,266 AED in the 2008-09 and it increased to 73,113 AUD in the year 2012-13. Thus it can be said that the people are happy and satisfied with the service that Emirates Airlines provide. Service people Who are employees? One who provides service for an organization under supervision of a person, by recruitment is known as employees. The one who recruits or employs is the employer. Employees of Emirates Emirates Airlines has employees around 68,000 who are being credited for the success and sustainability of the company. The main service people for Airline industries who get to interact with the customers directly are the air-host and air-hostess. They are considered as the brand of Emirates Airlines (International Monetary Fund, 2012). With their services to comfort their customers they play the key role. Not only the host and hostess, the back office plays a very important role, they are the reason of safety and security and design of Emirates airlines. The pressure on employees Pressure is a term that the airline industry employees are well acquainted with. They had to deal with daily pressures. The service provided by the employees is judged only when their customers are satisfied with their service. The more number of satisfied customers, the more number of customers they will retain. Service Profit Chain In general view the service profit chain creates a relationship between customer loyalty, employee productivity, loyalty and satisfaction along with profitability. The chain of service profit begins with profit generated from Emirates airlines loyal customer; this is because the customers were satisfied with the airline service. These services were provided by the employees of emirates (ex: air-hostess) (Demirkan, Spohrer and Krishna, 2011). The value of service is provided by productive loyal workers which is a result of employee satisfaction. Thus it is the employee satisfaction with the company that turns out to be profitable. Figure 3: The Service Profit Chain Effective Job Design and Reward System The Emirates Group presents a range of liberal benefits to help permanent employees who are employed globally to reside in Dubai. Their Remuneration Policy aims on developing benefits and compensation policies through comprehensive analysis and research. Their main objective is to ensure that the Organization remains competitive and productive within the market it works in, and to ensure that they retain and attract the appropriate talent. They consider that as a group they are successful because they retain and recruit talented employees from worldwide. They provide the liberty to their employees who have their own career aspirations and priorities in individual perspective. This contributes to their strength and lead towards their business. Training employee empowerment or discretion Training helps in improving communication, team building, general awareness and reduced turnover. It also increases the productivity of the employees. Researchers agree on the fact that empowered employees give a quicker response to the customers. The Emirates Group put great efforts in vocational training and development so that the employees can do their job well. They feel that the employees are the most vital part of successful operation. There are many institutions that provides courses for airline industry, form these Institutions they hire the best talents. Concept that helped the company The company considers their employees to be their human assets and do that they provide sufficient benefits and training as discussed. In order to provide good services they make it clear that their employees have capabilities enough to serve their consumers. Emirates Group believes in the concept that the main differentiator is the customer experience. Their main challenges are to keep delivering and designing the experience that Emirates provide in a way that satisfies the customer. Externally and internally the employees of Emirates demonstrate in view of a commitment in customer service. This concept helps Emirates to reach its goal and continue a successful business. Resource Capacity utilization: It is the degree to which an Organization uses its resources. Generally a business resource is land, capital, organization and manpower. Today the Information technology has also become an integral part of resources. Importance of Resource Capacity Utilization In service industry such as Emirates Airlines the prime resource is their people. Throughout the discussion it was neatly discussed that Emirates consider their people to be their biggest assets. In order to support the prime objective of Emirates the Human resource department implements flexible solutions to their problem. Emirates utilize their human resource in two ways. They are: Conclusion It can be concluded the airline company has successfully achieved its success. By implementing the process and services they have constantly looked up at the needs of the people. They provide the people with better quality journey with technologies and innovative designs. The company always found new ways to serve the people. They have installed Wi-Fi in their planes and even made lavish lounges for the customers to take rest (Lee, 2007). With all these technologies being installed there still remains a drawback that is there no safety that they will land safely on the ground when they take off. Field Service management:The field service management helps in locating airlines, the management of workers activity, their dispatched and scheduled work the billing, accounting and back office procedures. Emirates make sure that the system is efficient enough to work properly. Probably the best field service management in airline industry is provided by Emirates Airlines.In resource allocationBuilding flexibility ( shifts of employees, delivery time)The Emirates helps in building flexibility among its employees which results in delivery of proper service timely. Even for the companys 24 hrs service they had various shifts of working time. Emirates make it sure whether their employees are comfortable with the timings.Evaluation of Service Processes:The evaluation of service process is done on the basis of customer feedback. Various surveys (online) assures the quality of Service for emirates and in this process the evaluation of services are done. The surveys on employees are also do ne on yearly basis in order to see the employee satisfaction. References: Bazoobandi, S. (2013).Political economy of the Gulf sovereign wealth funds. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Chitty, W., D'Alessandro, S. and Hughes, A. (2012).Services marketing. South Melbourne, Vic.: Oxford University Press. Demirkan, H., Spohrer, J. and Krishna, V. (2011).The science of service systems. New York: Springer. Emirates, (2015).The Emirates Story | About Emirates | Emirates. [online] Available at: https://www.emirates.com/english/about/the_emirates_story.aspx [Accessed 18 Feb. 2015]. International Monetary Fund, (2012). United Arab Emirates: Staff Report for the 2012 Article IV Consultation.IMF Staff Country Reports, 12(116), p.i. Joshi, S. (2008).Growth and structure of tertiary sector in developing economies. New Delhi: Academic Foundation. The Emirates Group, (2013).THE EMIRATES GROUP ANNUAL REPORT 2012-13. 1st ed. [ebook] UAE: The Emirates Group. Available at: https://www.dnata.com/TridionUploads/AnnualReport_2012-2013.pdf [Accessed 18 Feb. 2015]. Baron, S. (2010).Service marketing. London: SAGE. Emiratesgroupcareers.com, (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.emiratesgroupcareers.com/english/Careers_Overview/Services/ekas/cust_relations.aspx [Accessed 18 Feb. 2015]. Heizer, J. and Render, B. (2001).Principles of operations management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. IT TAKES A WORLD THE EMIRATES GROUP ANNUAL REPORT 2012-13. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.dnata.com/TridionUploads/AnnualReport_2012-2013.pdf [Accessed 18 Feb. 2015]. Lee, D. (2007).The economics of airline institutions, operations and marketing. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Servicestrategies.com, (2015).Service Process Design. [online] Available at: https://servicestrategies.com/consulting-services/service-process-design/ [Accessed 18 Feb. 2015]. Slack, N., Chambers, S. and Johnston, R. (2010).Operations management. Harlow, England: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Understanding Operations Management. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/BUS300-1.3_Understanding-Operations-Management-The-Transformation-Model.pdf [Accessed 18 Feb. 2015].

Translation Method free essay sample

As â€Å"modern† languages began to enter the curriculum of European schools in the eighteenth century, they were taught using the same basic procedures that were used for teaching Latin. Textbooks consisted of statements of abstract grammar rules, lists of vocabulary, and sentences for translation. Speaking the foreign language was not the goal, and oral practice was limited to students reading aloud the sentences they had translated. These sentences were constructed to illustrate the grammatical system of the language and consequently bore no relation to the language of real communication. By the nineteenth century, this approach based on the study of Latin had become the standard way of studying foreign language in schools. A typical textbook in the mid-nineteenth century thus consisted of chapters or lessons organized around grammar points. Each grammar point was listed, rules on its use were explained, and it was illustrated by sample sentences. This approach to foreign language teaching became known as the Grammar-Translation Method. We will write a custom essay sample on Translation Method or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Principle of The Grammar-Translation Method 1. The goal of foreign language study is to learn a language in order to read its literature or in order to benefit from the mental discipline and intellectual development that results from foreign language study. 2. Reading and writing are the major focus; little or no systematic attention is paid to speaking or listening. 3. Vocabulary selection is based on solely on the reading texts used, and words are taught through bilingual words lists, dictionary study, and memorization. 4. The sentence is the basic unit of teaching and language practice. 5. Grammar is taught deductively. . Translation interprets the words and phrases of the foreign languages in the best possible manner. 7. The phraseology and the idiom of the target language can best be assimilated in the process of interpretation. 8. The structures of the foreign languages are best learnt when compared and contrast with those of mother tongue. 9. The teacher is the authority in the classroom. It is very important that students get the correct answer. 10. Learning is facilitated through attention to similarities between the target language and the native language. Advantages 1. An effective way for application of grammar and sentence structure I think the exercises that are given after translation is very beneficial and accurate for grammar learning. 1. Few demands on teachers. Also, It is practical and easy to implement. In this method, teacher only deals with organization and implementation of exercises. So this means teacher has not a lot to do. In other word; this method does not require lots of thing but a passage of literature text and a few exercises, it is pretty easy to carry out. 2. Least stressful for students Students prepare themselves for exercises and memorization of vocabulary and grammar rules. Disadvantages 1. The Grammar Translation Method can make the language learning experience uninspiring and boring. All the classes can be taught in the same way so after some time students may get bored. Also I think that language teaching should be done very different ways in order to inspire students. 2. The Grammar Translation Method can leave the students with a sense of disappointment when they travel to countries where the studied language is used  because they can’t understand what people say and have difficulty in expressing themselves at the most basic level. . This method neither approaches nor encourages the students’ communicative (speaking amp; listening skills) competence. Reading and writing are the major focus of this method so speaking and listening skill remain in the shadow of writing and reading. 4. Language is learned by conscious memorization of grammar rules and vocabulary. Nowadays memorization isnt highly regarded; internalization through exposure, experience and use are preferred. Language learning needs to be beyond memorization because I think language should be learnt with experiences. . Lack of communication between students. The teacher explains, translates, conducts practice, and corrects mistakes, and learners interact with the teacher, not with each other. That’s because, students can easily make what they learnt permanent with interactions between them.

Roman Society during Leisure Time essays

Roman Society during Leisure Time essays A unique feature of the Roman society was its increased interest towards leisure and entertainment activities. During a time of wars and desires to rule the world, the Romans would easily find time to engage in relaxing activities. The fact that the slaves were the only ones working the entire year and not permitted to attend public events, allowed the Romans to engage in numerous activities in the area of entertainment. Furthermore, different from other cultures is the fact that these activities would apply to both the wealthy population as well as the poorer one. The people of ancient Roman society occupied their leisure with a variety of activities. Many of these activities were available to people of all social classes.1 This only means that the Romans were a unified people that granted all the Empire citizens' equal rights to work and enjoy themselves. But even though all Romans had the right to participate in leisure activities, these were restricted based on social status and wealth. For instance, the richer population would organize dinner banquets, where the poor were not invited. Also, the latter could not afford to throw banquets, as such had top engage in other leisure activities. All in all, the Roman leisure time unified the Romans as a population but internally divided them according to social status, political position and income. From the multitude of leisure activities, the Romans are renowned through history for spending their time at public baths and spas; for organizing and participating to numerous parties, such as celebration parties of births, marriages or political success; for playing numerous games, both gambling as well as board games characteristic to all social classes and including children; for being spectators to arena fights, such as gladiator against gladiator fights, or gladiator against animal fights; and for spending an increased amount of time in bars. The bath rooms o...

7 Types of Hyphenation That May Seem Wrong But Arent

7 Types of Hyphenation That May Seem Wrong But Arent 7 Types of Hyphenation That May Seem Wrong But Aren’t 7 Types of Hyphenation That May Seem Wrong But Aren’t By Mark Nichol You know, of course, that a phrasal adjective, or compound modifier two or more words that combine to modify a noun are usually hyphenated to signal that link (only before the noun, however, and not if, as with â€Å"income tax† and many other permanent compounds, the open compound is in the dictionary). Even though the relationship often seems obvious, this is language law. Phrasal adjectives, however, aren’t the only grammatical category in which hyphens are required even though they don’t seem necessary. Here are seven others: 1. Job Titles Some job titles, such as secretary-treasurer, are hyphenated to signal the combined roles. Others, such as secretary-general (the title of the head of the United Nations), retain this form as a holdover from a time when hyphenation of compound nouns was rampant, though technically, general is an adjective modifying secretary (as in the example of president-elect, below). However, this usage is an anomaly: similar terms like â€Å"attorney general† and â€Å"major general† are open. Note that the adjective+noun combination â€Å"vice president† is open, but some other such compounds are hyphenated (vice-consul) or closed (viceroy). 2. Compound Nouns A handful of noun compounds stubbornly resist the usual usage evolution of open, hyphenated, and closed (or sometimes open to closed without the hyphenation middleman): The ones I can think of are by-product, life-form, light-year, and mind-set. Many people treat these artificially preserved throwbacks incorrectly the first and last compounds are often erroneously closed, and the hyphen is frequently omitted and a letter space inserted in the second and third ones and why shouldn’t they? Omitting hyphens and treating these words as open or closed compounds doesn’t violate any scientific laws. However, until dictionaries respond to the attainment of a tipping point where most people are writing such terms incorrectly, these words should be hyphenated. (Light-year may someday be closed, but because the first element of life-form ends with a vowel, it will likely remain hyphenated. On that note, the disinclination to close this type of open compounds affects other terms, such as shape-shifter.) 3. Compound Verbs When you use two words together to refer to a single action, such as referring to air-conditioning a house, jump-starting a car, or mass-producing a product, a seemingly extraneous hyphen is required. (The same is true regardless of the form of the verb: air-condition and air-conditioned but â€Å"air conditioning.†) 4. Fractions Hyphens in compound numbers such as twenty-one seem natural, but hyphenation of fractions (one-third) is counterintuitive. How many thirds? One. One is an adjective that modifies the noun third, so why hyphenate them unless they’re linking to modify a noun (â€Å"one-third full†)? I don’t make the rules; I just follow them. 5. Homographs Sometimes, prefixes you’d expect to be closed up to the root word are hyphenated, because closing them up would cause confusion with identical words with distinct meanings. Examples include resign/re-sign, resent/re-sent, and recreation/re-creation. (A rare case of a similar pair with a prefix other than re- is unionized/un-ionized.) 6. Prefixes Generally, permanent compounds beginning with the prefixes alls include all-around, ex-governor, and self-control. (Selfish and selfless, as well as the unfortunate unselfconscious, are exceptions with self-.) Some words beginning with co- (co-chair) and pro- (pro-choice) just look wrong closed up and are anomalously hyphenated, as are words in which the last letter of the prefix and the first letter of the root word are the same: anti-intellectual, co-owner, ultra-aggressive. Words beginning with non- are almost always closed, but occasionally they’re seen hyphenated and for good reason: â€Å"Nonlife-threatening injury† is an awkward treatment. Insert a hyphen when the prefix precedes a hyphenated phrasal adjective. And why, if we refer to the early or late part of an era, such as a decade or a century (â€Å"early 1920s,† â€Å"late nineteenth century†), no hyphen is used, but a reference to the middle of a period requires one, as in mid-1970s or mid-century? Consistency would call for referring to â€Å"the middle 1970s† or â€Å"the middle of the century,† but mid- has replaced this usage. 7. Suffixes Constructions such as president-elect may seem to be unnecessarily burdened with a hyphen, but they’re equivalent to modified phrases such as daughter-in-law. (Note, though, that such constructions do not include a hyphen when the first element is an open compound, such as in â€Å"vice president elect.†) However, â€Å"editor in chief† shed its connective tissue long go without difficulty (though some people still incorrectly hyphenate the phrase), so similar constructions may follow suit. For now, though, go with the flow. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Structure A Story: The Eight-Point Arc3 Cases of Complicated Hyphenation7 Other Types of Pronouns

English Employment Law Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

English Employment Law Study - Essay Example Self-Employed Individuals- Self-employed individuals are regarded as those individuals who are independent and run their business own. These individuals can also be duly considered as self-regulating contractors who are responsible for making broad regulations in order to attain predetermined business targets. It is worth to mention that self-employed individuals are   responsible for adopting   as well as implementing   broad decisions for smooth conduct of business (Kemp Little, 2012). A big similarity between the workers and the employees in the organizational context of the UK is that both of them are covered under common statutes of employment law. These include Health & Safety at Work etc Act 1974, Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992, Employment Tribunals Act 1996, Employment Rights Act 1996, Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998, Data Protection Act 1998 and Human Rights Act 1998. All these laws are enacted by the government in order to defend the rig hts of the employees as well as the workers belonging to different organizations of the UK (Kemp Little, 2012). Employees - All the employees in the UK are covered with special laws that eventually protect their respective rights by a considerable level. The basic understanding of these laws and statutory employment protection legislation apply to all those employees who work in diverse organisations despite their status i.e. higher, lower or middle level employees.   Employees are entitled to all major rights as long as they serve the basic purpose. of performing their